Figure 1
From: Circadian polymorphisms associated with affective disorders
Model relating sunlight, lithium, and circadian genes to MAOA and mania. This model relates sunlight and lithium to components of the circadian gene system, to MAOA (monoamine oxidase A), dopamine, and resultant stimulation of mania. Green solid arrows represent interactions which promote the function of the affected component. Red striped arrows represent inhibition of the function of the affected component. Components in white boxes hypothetically promote mania. Components in black boxes hypothetically inhibit mania. The red-green striped box for PPARGC1B suggests its opposing roles in possibly stimulating both ARNTL and NR1D1, whereas NR1D1 then inhibits ARNTL. The positive feedback of ARNTL-CLOCK and ARNTL-NPAS2 heterodimers on NR1D1, TEF, PER1, PER2, and PER3 was omitted from the diagram for simplicity, along with many other components and interactions within the circadian system.