Figure 45
From: Transdisciplinary unifying implications of circadian findings in the 1950s
Meal-timing and body weight: relative body weight loss for individuals consuming single daily meal (free-choice or fixed) as breakfast (B) or dinner (D). Difference in body weight change on breakfast-only vs. dinner-only, when clinically healthy subjects consumed a fixed number of calories within 1 hour of getting up vs. not before 12 hours after getting up, respectively [2]. In two separate studies of the effect of meal timing on body weight, nine men and nine women consumed either, for 1 week, a fixed 2,000-kcal meal, or, for 3 weeks, a single free-choice meal as breakfast (B) or dinner (D). A relative body weight loss of about 1 kg/wk was noted on breakfast-only, as seen from a comparison of the hatched horizontal bands.